[Hip joint muscle endurance in patients with type ii diabetes with and without peripheral neuropathy]

Introduction: Type II diabetes is a chronic disease, which if not controlled properly, can have complications, such musculoskeletal complications. Kinematics studies of muscle endurance of patients with type II diabetes demonstrate lower muscle endurance in these individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the isometric endurance of hip extensor and abductor muscles in people with type II diabetes in two groups, i.e with and without the risk of peripheral neuropathy in comparison with healthy people

Method and Materials: Fifteen healthy subjects and 27 patients [in three groups] with type II diabetes [15 patients without peripheral neuropathy and 12 patients with peripheral neuropathy] participated in this study. Isometric endurance of the hip extensor and abductor muscles was recorded using the Biodex isokinetic machine and slope of the power diagram was calculated

Results: Results showed no significant differences for the diagram slope between the three groups in terms of hip extensor and abductor muscle endurance. [Extensor diagram slope, P=0.45] [Abductor diagram slope, P=0.63]

Conclusion: Endurance related parameters of hip extensor and abductor muscles in patients with type II diabetes, with or without peripheral neuropathy, are not significantly different from those of healthy subjects. Hence, the isometric endurance test perse cannot describe muscle endurance in type II diabetic patients

[Comparison of the length of shoulder girdle's muscles, neck and shoulder range of motion in patients with chronic neck - shoulder pain and healthy subjects]

Background and Objective: One of the most common musculoskeletal injuries in modern societies is neck and shoulder pains which often lead to postural disorders and soft tissue shortenings. This study was done to compare the length of shoulder girdle's muscles in healthy subjects and patients with shoulder and neck pain

Methods: This case-control study was done on 16 patients with chronic neck- shoulder pain as cases and 15 healthy subjects as control group. Length of upper trapezius, pectoralis major and minor muscles was evaluated with functional tests. Also, the range of shoulder abduction and external rotation and cervical flexion and lateral flexion were measured by goniometer

Results: Significant differences between patient and control groups were found in pectoralis major and minor muscles length in involved side [P<0.05] and also in neck active range of lateral flexion [P<0.05]. Furthermore, there were significant differences between shoulder active range of abduction and external rotation [P<0.05] in the groups

Conclusion: This study confirmed a significant reduction in range of motion in the neck and shoulder and also a remarkably shortening in the muscles of in the involved side

The measurement of solar ultraviolet radiation in Kermanshah city over a one-year period from 2015 to 2016

Background: Ultraviolet radiation is present in sunlight. If ultraviolet radiation exceeds the limit, it can cause detrimental effects on human health such as skin cancer and cataract

Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the level of solar ultraviolet radiation type A [UVA] were measured using UV LOG HAND HELD in Kermanshah city. The intensity of ultraviolet radiation was measured three times a day including two hours before noon, noon and two o'clock in the afternoon. The results were analyzed using ANOVA statistical tests with a confidence interval of 95%

Results: The lowest and highest average intensity levels of solar UVA in Kermanshah were in December [14.21+/- 0.94 w/m2] and August [32.87 +/-2.3 w/m2], respectively. Also, winter and summer seasons (with average intensities of 16.37+/- 1.12 w/m2 and 30.12+/-1.7 w/m2] had the lowest and highest intensity of this radiation, respectively

Conclusion: Regarding that UVA radiation exceeds the safe exposure level, even in the winter in Kermanshah, it is recommended for people to avoid from long-term staying in open spaces at noon and use proper protective wears especially in summer?

[Leptin and autoimmune diseases]

Introduction: Leptin, an anti-obesity hormone, is also a regulator of the immune response which sends important signals regarding the metabolic status and immune system function. This hormone/cytokine can affect the secretion of acute phase proteins such as Interleukin-1 and TNF- alpha and facilitate communication between nutrition and Th1 immune response so that when the food intake reduces, plasma leptin levels decreases, leading to reduced function of the immune system. Increase in blood leptin levels in obesity makes the obese people more susceptible to cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancer. Previous researches demonstrate the important effects of leptin in metabolism, whereas more recent studies show that this molecule has an important role in many other key functions of body such as haematopoiesis, thermogenesis, reproduction, angiogenesis, homeostasis and immune system. This paper aims to review the most recent findings regarding the role of leptin in the pathology of autoimmune disease, in particular multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, autoimmune thyroid disease, lupus erythematosus, endometriosis and rheumatoid arthritis

[Short-term effect of foot massage on the values of arterial oxygen saturation in neurosurgical patients admitted to ICU]

Massage is performed in order to adjust the vital signs of patients in the ICU that needs long-term hospitalization. The aim of the study was to determine the short-term impact of foot massage on patients' arterial blood oxygen saturation values that hospitalized at Hospital of Imam Reza [AS] in Kermanshah. The present study is a quasi-experimental study to investigate the short time effect of massage on the feet on arterial oxygen saturation in patients admitted to the neurosurgical intensive care unit. After the pilot study subjects, 78 patients were selected by simple sampling. 39 patients were allocated in the intervention group and 39 patients in the control group. Forms and questionnaires and checklists were used for data collection and methods of data collection were interviews and physiological measurements. The patient's blood oxygen saturation in the first and fifth minutes before the massage was measured in both groups [from the monitor to the patient's bedside]. Then, researcher gave 5 min foot massage and blood oxygen saturation values were recorded. Immediately after the massage, arterial oxygen saturation values in the first and fifth minutes in both groups were recorded respectively and the results evaluated. Results showed that the Spo2 in the intervention group was increased after the first and fifth minutes of foot massage [p = 0.023 and p = 0.019]. It should be noted that the Spo2 levels in the control group were not significant when compared before and after the massage. Results showed that a significant increase in Spo2 level is a result of foot massage. It may be concluded that changes in metabolism occurred after foot massage is followed by decreased oxygen consumption and thus the value of massage increases

[ effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Melissa officinalis .L on the level of renal function and liver enzymes in diabetic rats]

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is associated with a wide range of kidney and liver disorders. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of alcoholic extract of aerial parts of Melissa officinalis on indicators of liver function and kidney in diabetic rats

Materials and Methods:Thirtyfive wistar rats were divided into 5 groups [n=7 each] as follows: Control, diabetic control and three diabetic groups, which received alcoholic extract of Melissa officinalis at doses of 100, 200 mg/kg body weight respectively through gastric gavage and glibenclamide 10 mg/ kg, for a period of 3 weeks. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin [STZ]. At the end of this period [21 days], blood samples were collected for measurement of liver enzymes and factors for data analysis

Results: Amounts of enzyme levels of alanine transaminase [ALT] and aspartate aminotransferase [AST] in the group treated with the extract, compared to the diabetic control group showed no significant changes, whereas serum levels of alkaline phosphatase [ALP] and gamma glutamyl transferase [GGT] were significantly reduced [P<0.05], which declined most in the group receiving the minimum dose of the extract. Serum creatinine and urea in the group receiving the highest dose showed a significant decrease compared to other groups [P<0.05]

Conclusion: The extract Melissa officinalis with lower levels of liver enzymes, particularly ALP and GGT and renal markers, urea and creatinine was effective in improving liver function and treatment of diseases of the liver and kidneys

[Assessment of compatibility between the results of standard abdominal CT and liver window CT in the diagnosis of liver space occupying lesion]

CT scan has a primary role in the imaging of the liver. CT images can be viewed with different regulations or the so called windows. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of consistency of the results of the liver window settings with those of standard abdominal CT in the diagnosis of space-occupying lesions in the liver. This was a cross-sectional study and included 162 patients who had been followed up for cancer, or had abdominal trauma or any abdominal symptoms. Standard abdominal CT scan with contrast injection was performed. Then the results of the scans were reviewed by two experienced radiologists for the presence or absence of liver lesions. Using SPSS 20 software, data analysis was performed by statistical tests. Because of the lack of agreement between our radiologists on the detection of lesions in 10 patients, the analysis was performed on 152 patients. According to the liver standard window settings 27.6% and 32.2% of the patients had liver lesions, respectively. Use of liver window settings resulted in the detection of increased number of lesions in 10.5% of the patients. Also, there was a significant difference between the number of liver space occupying lesions in the liver window settings and standard abdominal CT. The compatibility between the results of the two window settings was 0.78. The results of this study showed that the number of detected lesions in the CT of liver window was more than those in the CT of standard window settings, and this difference was significant. Therefore, liver window settings can be a useful measure to determine the number of liver lesions

[ relationship between fetal gender and outcome of pregnancy in the term pregnant women]

Identification of fetus health risk factors can be helpful in the diagnosis, immediate treatment, and prevention of irreversible damages on the fetus. Fetal sex is considered as a risk factor in fetal and neonatal conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between fetal gender and adverse fetal outcomes in the term pregnant women. This cross-sectional study was performed in Besat Hospital in Sanandaj, in 2011 and included 2389 pregnant women. Gestational diabetes and presence of any underlying chronic disease such as hypertension, asthma, diabetes, and cardiac diseases were considered as our exclusion criteria. Data about stages and conditions of delivery and demographic variables were recorded in a questionnaire for every subject. Data about the neonates including Apgar score, fetal distress, and macrosomia were collected and recorded. Using SPSS 16 software, data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics including chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and t-test. There were no statistically significant differences between male and female neonates in relation to maternal age, gestational age, duration of the first and second stages of labor, and average time of rupture of membrane [p>0.05]. However, male neonates had higher birth weights [p=0.0001]. In addition, there were no statistically significant relationship between boys and girls in regard to preeclampsia, mode of delivery, Apgar score, meconium, detachment of placenta, IUGR, umbilical cord prolapse, and stillbirths [p>0.05]. However, prevalence of fetal distress syndrome was higher in boys [OR=1.83]. Apart from respiratory distress syndrome, fetal sex is not associated with any other adverse fetal outcome. Even though, frequencies of cesarean delivery and Apgar scores of less than 7 were more in the boys compared to the girls

[Comparison of diagnostic value of fetal cerebellar hemisphere circumference measurement and routine ultrasonography parameters for determination of the gestational age]

Recently, ultrasonographic assessment of gestational age has assumed an integral role in prenatal care. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic value of fetal cerebellar hemisphere circumference measurement with those of other parameters of routine ultrasonography for estimation of gestational age. This was a descriptive and analytical study and included318 pregnant women with gestational ages of 14 to 41 weeks and distinct LMP in Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah. The parameters of BPD, HC, AC, FL, TCD and CHC were measured by Siemens G50 ultrasound system, and gestational age was estimated. Data were analyzed by Spearman correlation coefficient. SPSS 20 software was used for statistical analysis. Based on LMP, mean +/- SD of gestational age was 29.18 +/- 8.86.But considering the parameters of BPD, HC, AC, FL, TCD and CHC we found mean +/- SD of 28.94 +/- 8.96, 28.93 +/- 9.01, 28.76 +/- 8.96, 28.87 +/- 8.98, 28.88 +/- 9.01 and 28.76 +/- 8.99 weeks respectively. Spierman correlation coefficients between LMP and other parameters of routine ultrasonography were more than 0.99 and significantly were correlated with one another. Comparison of the diagnostic value of fetal cerebellar hemisphere circumference measurement with those of other parameters of routine ultrasonography for estimation of gestational age did not show any significant differences. We can use measurement of fetal cerebellar hemisphere circumference with other parameters of routine ultrasonography

[Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from mesenchymal stem cells of human umbilical cord vein]

The aim of this study was to generate induced pluripotent stem cells from human umbilical cord vein mesenchymal stem cells by use of plasmid vector. In this experimental study using type IV collagenase enzyme, we extracted and cultured mesenchymal stem cells obtained from human umbilical cord vein wall.Usingelectroporation method, these cells were transfected with plasmid vector which carried selfrenewal transcription factors of OCT4 and SOX2.After 9 days we observed the induced pluripotent stem cells like colonies. The nature of thesecells were evaluated byimmunocytochemistry and alkalin phosphatase activity of embryonic stem cells. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that these cells express the pluripotency markerssuch as OCT4, SSEA4, TRA1-60, TRA1-81, and also hadalkalin Phosphatase activity. This study revealed that transient expression of self renewal genes of OCT4 and SOX2 could lead to development of induced pluripotent stem cells like colonies from umbilical cord vein mesenchymal stem cells

[Comparison of diagnostic value of ultrasonography versus magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of shoulder rotator cuff muscles tears]

Rotator cuff muscles tears are among the most common problems of shoulder joint. This disorder is diagnosed most commonly by imaging methods especially ultrasound and MRI. According to previous studies, both of these methods have high diagnostic value. Because of small sample sizes and inappropriate gold standards in these studies and also lack of enough studies in our country we decided to conduct this study to compare ultrasound and MRI for diagnosis of rotator cuff muscles tears. We performed shoulder ultrasonography and MRI for 100 patients before shoulder surgery in this descriptive analytical study. The results of ultrasonography and MRI were reported separately by 2 radiologists. Using SPSS 19 software, data were analyzed by McNamara's test. 27 of 100 patients that underwent surgery had tears in rotator cuff muscles [20 with complete tear and 7 with partial tear]. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 92.6%, 95.9%, 89.3% and 97.2% for ultrasonography, and 96.3%, 97.3%, 95.9% and 98.6% respectively for MRI. There was no significant difference between the two methods [P>0.05]. According to the results of this study both of these methods have high accuracy in the diagnosis of rotator cuff muscles tears and can be used for patient evaluation

[Reading skills of hearing and moderately severe hearing loss children in ordinary schools]

Hearing impairment in critical period of speech and language development is caused defects in oral and written language. The aim of this study is to use a test for comparing the reading skills of elementary fifth grade hearing and moderately severe hearing loss students in public schools. In this cross sectional study, 10 hearing impaired children selected from the total number of fifth grade moderately severe hearing loss students' community [public schools] based on the inclusion criteria and compared with 10 hearing children that were matched according to grade, as a control group. In order to gather the data, reading and writing tests for school students was used. Data analysis was done through SPSS-16. The findings indicated that hearing impaired children on auditory discrimination skills [P=0.001], word auditory memory [P=0.034] sentence auditory memory [P<0.001], phonological blending [P=0.034], phonological segmentation [P=0.012] and text reading comprehension [P=0.044] were significantly weaker than the control group, but they had similar function in other skills. Children with hearing impairment have the same function in tasks based on visual processing to normal children, whereas, in tasks based on auditory and phonological processing are weaker than them

Isolation, characterization and transduction of canine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells [cBM-MSCs]

Stem cell therapy in small animal medicine is still in its infancy and few in vitro and in vivo research projects regarding animal Mesenchymal Stem Cells [MSCs] have been carried out. On the other hand, Cell tracking is the first step of the cell-based therapies and is essential to recognize cell fate post transplantation. The aim of this study was to isolate, characterize, and transduce cBM-MSCs. Canine Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells [cBMMSCs] were isolated from bone marrow of dogs and characterized based on morphology, differentiation capacities, and surface marker expressions. For the first time, we labeled cBM-MSCs by GFP-encoding lentiviral vector to track them. cBM-MSCs were successfully isolated and proliferated. Morphologically, these cells were similar to other MSCs from other sources and species and were able to differentiate into osteocytes and adipocytes. cBM-MSCs expressed surface marker CD44 but were not able to express CD34. Approximately, 70% of cells efficaciously expressed GFP after labeling; We found that GFP labeling is an easy and effective technique to track transplanted cBMMSCs. Our results also provide fundamental information about canine BM-MSCs in order to use in veterinary medicine

Prevalence of cercarial dermatitis among paddy-field workers in central areas of mazandaran province

Cercarial dermatitis [CD] or swimmer's itch | is a hypersensitive reaction to the skin penetration of avian and herbivorous schistosomes, esp. genus Trichobilharzia. Owing to presence of both intermediate and final host of this parasite in North of Iran, we aimed at determining the prevalence of CD among paddy-field workers in central areas of Mazandaran Province. To perform this descriptive-cross sectional study, we refer to bird refuges of migrating water and Paddy-field around man-made ponds of Babol, Sari, Ghaemshahr and Savadkoh districts. The Hand and foot of the farmers were examined clinically for detection of infected people and their signs and symptoms were recorded on a sheet of paper. Based on the results, 77.5% of the workers suffer from CD. All of them are males and the majority of them are indigenous. High prevalence of Cercarial dermatitis among paddy-field workers led to a health dilemma. Thus, by increasing awareness of farmers, implementing suitable approaches, controlling the disease and sanitizing the contaminated areas can promote health situation

What do we need to eradicate rubella in the Islamic Republic of Iran?

To evaluate the need for congenital rubella syndrome prevention in our national health programme we aimed to determine the rate of anti-rubella positivity in umbilical cord blood samples 8 years after measles–rubella mass vaccination in the Islamic Republic of Iran. In a cross-sectional study we tested umbilical cord blood samples for anti-rubella IgG and IgM by ELISA in 154 deliveries at a university hospital in Tehran. Overall 72.7% of umbilical cord blood samples were positive for anti-rubella IgG and 27.3% were negative. All of the samples were negative for anti-rubella IgM. In the samples with a history of mothers' rubella vaccination, only 87.5% were positive for anti-rubella IgG. The results suggest the need for another mass vaccination for rubella in women of child-bearing age and continuation of routine vaccination of infants, plus consideration of obligatory anti-rubella IgG testing before pregnancy in women who were not vaccinated and vaccination of women before marriage.

[ relationship between personality characteristics and nursing occupational stress]

Nursing is a stressful job and nurses are confronted with so much stresses. Job stress currently has become a challenge for the nursing profession. Job stress can lead to a loss of creativity, job dissatisfaction, feeling of inadequacy, depression and reduced quality of nursing care. The present study was performed to investigate the relationship between personality characteristics and Job stress among medical staff in Saqqez Imam Khomeini's Hospital. In this correlation-descriptive study, 115 nurses from Saqqez Imam Khomeini's Hospital in 2013 were selected based on census sampling method. Data were collected by Expanded Nursing Stress Scale [ENSS] and NEO-Five Factor Inventory[NEO-FFI]. Data were analyzed by SPSS-18 software using descriptive statistics, independent t test, Pearson correlation and regression at the significant level of p

Signal intensity of basal ganglions in T2 magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis

Although multiple sclerosis is a disease affecting white matter of brain and spinal cord, but involvement of basal ganglions in some studies demonstrated a decrease in T2 sequence signals. This study was done to assess signal intensity of basal ganglions in T2 magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] in multiple sclerosis. This case - control study was done on 30 multiple sclerosis patients and 30 controls in Imam Reza hospital, Kermanshah, Iran, during 2010. MRI images of multiple sclerosis of patients and control group were matched according to age and sex. The basal ganglia signals were identified based on involvement areas, number of plaques, and brain atrophy in T2 and flair sequences. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16, Chi-Square, Fisher exact test and independent t-tests. Among the case group, 10 patients [33.3%] demonstrated low signals in right thalamus and 14 patients [46.7%] in left thalamus, which was statistically significant compared with control group [P<0.001]. The presence of plaques in right and left globus pallidus was observed in 4 [13.3%] and 7 patients [23.3%] respectively. The presence of plaques in right and left thalamus was observed in 10 patients [33.3%] and 14 patients [46.7%] respectively, which was significant compared with control group [P<0.001]. The presence of brain atrophy was observed in 18 patients [60%] in case groups and in one patient [3.3%] in control group [P<0.001]. This study indicated that reduction of T2 signals in thalamus is a valuable finding in multiple sclerosis patients and it may facilitate the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis

[Effects of nisin and thyme essential oil, individually and in combination, on inoculated populations of Listeria monocytogenes in minced silver carp]

Food poisoning caused by Listeriamonocytogenes results in death in 30% of the cases. Considering the high probability of L. monocytogenes contamination of local fish, the present study aimed at investigating the effects of thyme [Zataria multiflora Boiss] essential oil [EO] and nisin, individually and in combination, on the growth of L. monocytogenes in minced silver carp during refrigerated storage. Minced fish samples were inoculated with 1x10[4] cfu/g of L. monocytogenes. A total of 11 samples were inoculaetd with thyme EO at a concentration [weight/volume]of 0.3%, 0.8% or 1.2%, nisin at a concentration of 500 or 1000 IU/g, or a combination of the two. The treated and control samples were packaged in plastic bags and kept at refrigerator temperature for 12 days.. Samples were cultured on CHROMagarTM Listeria every 2 days and the bacteri counted. Nisin at two different levels [500 and 1000 IU/g]could not inhibit the growth of L.monocytogenes to a level below the acceptable level in raw food [100 cells/g]. The antibacterial activity of nisin decreased during the storage period, while simultaneous use of nisin and thyme EO at a concentartion of 0.8 and 1.2% reduced L. monocytogenes viable count to a level below the acceptable limit during 12 days. A combination of 0.8% thyme [weight/volume]and 1000 IU/g nisin has the best inhibitory effect on growth of L. monocytogenes in minced silver carp during cold [4[degree sign] C] storage

[Antibiotic resistance of clinical isolates of acinetobacter baumannii in hospitals of Kermanshah, Iran during one year]

Acinetobacter spp. are non-fermenting gram-negative coccobacilli that have emerged in recent three decades as major causes of nosocomial infections. Acinetobacter baumannii is the most common pathogen causing a wide spectrum of infections. Acinetobacter infections are difficult to treat, due to both the intrinsic resistance of the pathogen and its ability to readily acquire new resistance mechanisms. A total of 84 Acinetobacter strains isolated from clinical samples were identified at the species level by biochemical tests. Then their susceptibility to 23 antibiotics and synergism among some of them were determined using disk agar diffusion testing. Antibiogram results were interpreted by using CLSI standard tables. The highest rate of drug resistance [92-98%] was observed to ampicillin, cefpodoxime, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone. Tigecycline, colistin and polymyxin B with the least resistance [3-14%] were identified as the most effective antibiotics. Non-fermentative bacteria such as Acinetobacter always are known as examples of drug-resistant bacteria. The results of the present study also indicate a high level of resistance to different antibiotics. Difference in the rates of Acinetobacter resistance to antibiotics based on geographical areas was observed

[ effect of ascorbic acid combined with whey protein coating on the shelf-life of rainbow trout stored at refrigerator temperature: microbial and chemical analyzes]

Microbial growth, as a major source for meat and meat product spoilage, results in undesirable changes and thus leads to food poisoning, human mortality and also considerable economic losses. The aim of the present study was to inhibit the rainbow trout fillets bacteria during refrigeration by using whey protein coating containing Vitamin C. Rainbow trout fillets were kept in refrigerator for 16 days, considering 5 treatments, including control [C], coated with whey protein without Vit C [W], W treatment containing 0.5% vit C [W-AA1], W treatment containing 1% Vit C [W-AA2] and W treatment containing 1.5% Vit C. Microbial analysis including total viable counts, psychrophilic bactoria counts, lactic acid bacteria and Enterobacteriaceaeas as well as total volatile basic-nitrogen [TVB-N] and pH measuring were periodically performed every four days. Findings show that whey protein coating containing Vitamin C significantly reduced the total viable counts as well as psycrotrophic bacteria counts [P<0.05]. The number of lactic acid bacteria and enterobacteriaceas in coated treatment containing Vitamin C was lower compared to those of control treatment [P>0.05]. The use of this coating combined with Vitamin C also led to a reduction of TVB-N and pH values during storage [P< 0.05]. The result showed an antibacterial activity of whey protein edible coating containing Vitamin C which could extend the shelf-life of fillets for 4 days. In general, no significant difference was observed among the different treatment options containing Vitamin C